ABSTRACT
Vitex cymosa Bertero ex Spreng., Lamiaceae, is found in Central and Amazon regions of Brazil, where it is popularly used as antirheumatic. Extracts from the leaves of V. cymosa were tested in analgesia models such as abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid and formalin to test peripheral analgesia; as well as the tail flick and hot plate models, to test spinal and supraspinal analgesia. A significant reduction was observed in the number of contortions with all extracts and in all doses. In the formalin model, a reduction in the second phase (inflammatory) was observed with all extracts, whereas only the n-butanol extract was able to act in the first, neurogenic, phase. In the tail flick model, all extracts increased latency time. Naloxone treatment reverted analgesic effect of all extracts with the exception of the dichloromethane one. All extracts developed peripheral and central analgesic activity. In the hot plate model no antinociceptive effect was observed for all tested extracts. All these results taken together suggest that V. cymosa leaf extracts were able to promote peripheral and central antinociceptive activity mediated by the opioid system.Twenty three substances were isolated and identified in the extracts and include flavonoids (C-glucosyl flavones, flavones and flavonols), triterpene acids from ursane and oleanane types, iridoids (free and glucosides), as well as simple phenols.
ABSTRACT
The polyisoprenylated benzophenones machuone and clusiachromene A have been isolated from the fruits of Clusia columnaris. The hexane extract of the young branches with leaves afforded a new euphane derivative, whose structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. On the contrary, the most polar EtOAc and ButOH extracts were constituted of flavonoid C-glucosides (isovitexin, vitexin and vitexin-2"-xyloside) and seven biflavonoids of the so-called Garcinia group.
Dos frutos de Clusia columnaris foram isoladas as benzofenonas poliisopreniladas machuona e clusiacromeno A. Do extrato em hexano obtido de galhos e folhas novas, um novo triterpeno do tipo eufano foi isolado. Sua estrutura foi elucidada através de métodos espectroscópicos. Por outro lado, dos extratos mais polares - em acetato de etila e em butanol, foram isolados os flavonóides C-glicosilados isovitexina, vitexina e vitexina-2"-xilosídeo, além de sete bisflavonóides conhecidos como bisflavonóides do grupo da Garcinia.
Subject(s)
Benzophenones/isolation & purification , Benzophenones/chemistry , Clusia/chemistry , Clusiaceae/chemistry , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/chemistryABSTRACT
A planta Plinia glomerata (Myrtaceae), popularmente conhecida como cabeludinha ou " jabuticaba-amarela" , ocorre amplamente no sul do Brasil e é cultivada como ornamental e frutífera comestível. O presente trabalho avaliou as propriedades antimicrobianas dos extratos, frações e substâncias puras isoladas da planta contra bactérias e fungos patogênicos. As concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIM) foram determinadas através do método de diluição em ágar. As frações acetato de etila (AE) e fração aquosa (AQ) demonstraram a melhor atividade contra Staphylococcus aureus. A fração AQ também foi efetiva contra Escherichia coli. As substâncias puras, ácido 3,4,3'-trimetóxi-flavelágico-4'-O-glicosídeo e ácido 3,4,3'-trimetóxi-flavelágico foram inativas até a concentração de 500 µg/mL contra os microrganismos testados. Em relação aos resultados antifúngicos, os extratos metanólico (EM) e acetônico (EA) e a fração aquosa (AQ) mostraram boa atividade somente contra dermatófitos. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a Plinia glomerata possui princípios ativos com ação antimicrobiana, sugerindo que outras substâncias da planta estão agindo contra os microrganismos indicados ou a existência de efeitos sinérgicos.
Plinia glomerata, commonly known as " yellow jaboticaba" or " cabelluda" occurs widely in south of Brazil. This work evaluated the antimicrobial properties of the extracts, fractions and isolated compounds of this plant against pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria and fungi. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined through the method of dilution in agar. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and aqueous fractions demonstrated the best activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The aqueous fraction also exhibited good activity against Escherichia coli. The pure substances 3,4,3'-trimethoxy-flavellagic-4'-O-glucose acid and 3,4,3'-trimethoxy-flavellagic acid were inactive up to 500 µg/mL. Regarding results against fungi, EA and EM extracts as well as AQ fraction showed good activity only against dermatophytes. The results suggest that P. glomerata produces active principles with antimicrobial activity, suggesting that other substances from the plant are acting against the microorganisms or the existence of synergic effects.
Subject(s)
Bacteria , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Fungi , Myrtaceae , Myrtaceae/chemistryABSTRACT
In addition to nine known steroidal compounds, australic acid and the new methyl australate have been isolated from the Brazilian fungus Ganoderma australe. Both methyl australate and its corresponding acid were shown to be active against fungi and Gram-positive bacteria, the methyl ester being also active against Gram-negative bacteria.
Do fungo brasileiro Ganoderma australe foram isolados o ácido austrálico e o novo composto australado de metila, além de outros 9 compostos já conhecidos. Tanto o australado de metila quanto o ácido correpondente foram ativos contra fungos e bactérias Gram-positivas, sendo o éster metílico ainda ativo contra bactérias Gram-negativas.
Subject(s)
Bacteria , Fungi , GanodermaABSTRACT
A análise fitoquímica das partes aéreas de Pterocaulon interruptum DC. (Asteraceae) resultou no isolamento de cinco compostos: uma cumarina, sabandinol, dois esteróides, estigmasterol e 3-O-acetil-taraxasterol e dois flavonóides, quercetina e taxifolina 7-O-prenilada. As estruturas destas substâncias foram estabelecidas por análises espectroscópicas, sendo que este é o primeiro trabalho sobre o isolamento destes compostos em Pterocaulon interruptum DC.
Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Pterocaulon interruptum DC., Asteraceae, resulted in the isolation of five compounds: one coumarin, sabandinol, two steroids, stigmasterol and 3-O-acetyl taraxasterol and two flavonoids, quercetin (flavonol) and 7-O-prenyl taxifolin (dihydroxyflavonol). The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis. This paper deals with the first report of these compounds in Pterocaulon interruptum DC.